Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can lead to alterations in the structure and function of proteins. They can occur spontaneously or due to environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Point mutations involve a single nucleotide change, which can be silent, missense, or nonsense.
Frameshift mutations result from insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.
Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful depending on their impact on protein function and organismal fitness.
Mutagenic agents such as UV light and chemical carcinogens increase the rate of mutations.
DNA repair mechanisms like base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair help correct mutations but are not always foolproof.