Molecular cloning

Definition

Molecular cloning is a method used to create copies of a specific DNA sequence, allowing for the study and manipulation of genes. It involves inserting the target DNA into a vector, which is then introduced into a host organism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The process typically involves the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences.
2. Vectors commonly used in molecular cloning include plasmids, bacteriophages, and cosmids.
3. Transformation refers to the introduction of recombinant DNA into a host cell.
4. Selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, are often used to identify cells that have successfully incorporated the vector.
5. Molecular cloning can be used for gene expression studies, protein production, and genetic modification.

Review Questions

• What role do restriction enzymes play in molecular cloning?
• Name two types of vectors commonly used in molecular cloning.
• How are selectable markers useful in the process of molecular cloning?

Related terms

Restriction Enzyme: A protein that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Vector:

A DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell.

Transformation:

The process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a host cell.