Macrolide antibiotics

Definition

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They are effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Macrolides are commonly used to treat infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, and certain types of skin infections.
2. Erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin are well-known examples of macrolide antibiotics.
3. They are often prescribed for patients allergic to penicillin due to their similar spectrum of activity.
4. Macrolides can cause gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and diarrhea.
5. Resistance to macrolides can occur through modifications in the bacterial ribosome or efflux pump mechanisms.

Review Questions

• What is the mechanism of action for macrolide antibiotics?
• Name three common infections treated with macrolide antibiotics.
• How can bacteria develop resistance to macrolides?

Related terms

Penicillin:

A group of antibiotics that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Ribosome:

A molecular complex responsible for protein synthesis in cells.

Antibiotic Resistance:

The ability of bacteria to survive and proliferate despite antibiotic treatment.