Iron lungs

Definition

Iron lungs are mechanical respirators used to assist breathing in patients with paralyzed respiratory muscles, commonly due to poliovirus infection. They function by creating negative pressure around the thoracic cavity to induce inhalation and exhalation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Iron lungs were critical in treating patients during poliomyelitis epidemics before the development of the polio vaccine.
2. The device operates on the principle of negative pressure ventilation, contrasting with modern positive pressure ventilators.
3. Patients typically required iron lung support when poliovirus caused paralysis of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
4. While effective, iron lungs were cumbersome and limited patient mobility, making long-term use challenging.
5. The widespread use of iron lungs dramatically declined after the introduction of effective vaccines against poliovirus.

Review Questions

• How does an iron lung facilitate breathing in patients with paralyzed respiratory muscles?
• Why did the use of iron lungs decline after the development of polio vaccines?
• What type of ventilation method is used by an iron lung?

Related terms

Poliomyelitis:

A viral disease that can cause paralysis by attacking motor neurons in the spinal cord.

Negative Pressure Ventilation: A method where negative pressure is applied externally to draw air into the lungs.

Diaphragmatic Paralysis: A condition where damage or disease impairs diaphragm function, often necessitating mechanical ventilation.