Interferons

Definition

Interferons are proteins produced by host cells in response to pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. They play a crucial role in the immune response by interfering with viral replication and modulating the immune system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Interferons are part of the body's innate immune response.
2. They are classified into three main types: Type I (α and β), Type II (γ), and Type III (λ).
3. Type I interferons primarily help in controlling viral infections.
4. Type II interferon, or IFN-γ, is mainly involved in activating macrophages and enhancing the antigen presentation process.
5. Interferons can be used therapeutically to treat various conditions such as multiple sclerosis, hepatitis B and C, and certain cancers.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of Type I interferons?
• How does IFN-γ contribute to the immune response?
• Name two clinical applications of interferon therapy.

Related terms

Cytokines:

Signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.

Antiviral Proteins: Proteins induced by interferons that inhibit viral replication within host cells.

Macrophages:

Immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.