HIV

Definition

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that targets the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells), leading to a progressive failure of the immune system. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HIV primarily infects CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
2. The virus uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA within the host cell.
3. HIV transmission occurs through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
4. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively control HIV replication and prevent the progression to AIDS.
5. ELISA and Western blot tests are commonly used for diagnosing HIV infection.

Review Questions

• Which cells are primarily targeted by HIV?
• What enzyme does HIV use to convert its RNA into DNA?
• What are the common methods of HIV transmission?

Related terms

CD4 Cells: Immune cells targeted by HIV; crucial for immune system function.

Reverse Transcriptase: Enzyme used by retroviruses like HIV to transcribe their RNA into DNA.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Medication regimen used to manage and control HIV infection.