Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

Definition

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious virus that predominantly causes oral herpes, leading to cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected saliva or lesions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HSV-1 commonly manifests as cold sores or fever blisters on the lips and around the mouth.
2. The virus remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate due to triggers such as stress or a weakened immune system.
3. HSV-1 infection is lifelong, with periodic outbreaks following initial infection.
4. Diagnosis of HSV-1 can be made through clinical observation, PCR testing, or viral cultures from lesion swabs.
5. Treatment primarily focuses on antiviral medications like acyclovir to reduce outbreak severity and frequency.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms associated with HSV-1?
• How is HSV-1 typically transmitted between individuals?
• What methods are used to diagnose an HSV-1 infection?

Related terms

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2): A related virus that typically causes genital herpes.

Antiviral Medications: Drugs used to treat viral infections by inhibiting their development.

Cold Sores: Painful blisters caused by HSV-1, usually appearing around the mouth.