Herpes

Definition

Herpes refers to a group of viral diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, leading to infections in various parts of the body, including the nervous system. These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish latent infections that can reactivate periodically.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) primarily causes oral herpes, while HSV-2 is mainly responsible for genital herpes.
2. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can infect the central nervous system, potentially causing conditions such as encephalitis and meningitis.
3. The virus can remain dormant in nerve cells and reactivate later, leading to recurrent outbreaks.
4. Transmission of HSV occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or lesions.
5. Antiviral medications like acyclovir can manage symptoms but do not cure the infection.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 in terms of infection sites?
• How does herpes simplex virus establish latency within the host's body?
• Which antiviral medications are commonly used to treat herpes infections?

Related terms

Latency:

A state where the virus remains inactive within nerve cells but can reactivate later.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, which can be caused by herpes simplex virus infections.

Meningitis:

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which can also be a result of HSV infection.