Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Definition

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that infects the liver, leading to inflammation and potentially chronic liver disease. It is part of the Hepadnaviridae family and can be transmitted via blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child during childbirth.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HBV uses reverse transcription to replicate its DNA genome inside host cells.
2. The virus has a partially double-stranded DNA structure and an envelope containing surface antigens.
3. Chronic HBV infection can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma.
4. The presence of HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) in blood tests indicates an active HBV infection.
5. Effective vaccines exist for HBV, providing immunity through the production of anti-HBs antibodies.

Review Questions

• What type of genome does Hepatitis B virus have?
• How is HBV most commonly transmitted?
• What are the potential long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B infection?

Related terms

Viroid:

A small infectious pathogen composed solely of a short circular RNA strand without a protein coat.

Virusoid:

A satellite RNA dependent on a helper virus for replication and encapsidation.

Prion:

An infectious agent composed entirely of protein material that can cause neurodegenerative diseases.