Heavy chains

Definition

Heavy chains are the larger polypeptide subunits of an antibody molecule, essential for determining its class and function. They form the backbone of the antibody structure and contribute to antigen binding.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Heavy chains are composed of variable (V) and constant (C) regions that determine the specificity and class of an antibody.
2. The five main classes of antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) are differentiated by their heavy chain types.
3. Each heavy chain has a hinge region that provides flexibility for antigen binding.
4. Heavy chains pair with light chains to form a complete antibody molecule.
5. The gene segments encoding heavy chains undergo somatic recombination during B cell development to create diverse antibodies.

Review Questions

• What are the two main regions of a heavy chain and what is their significance?
• How do heavy chains contribute to the classification of different antibody types?
• Describe the process by which diversity in heavy chains is achieved during B cell development.

Related terms

Light Chains:

Smaller polypeptide subunits that pair with heavy chains to form antibodies.

Antigen Binding Site: Region on an antibody formed by the variable regions of both heavy and light chains where antigens bind.

Somatic Recombination: Process by which gene segments are rearranged in B cells to generate diverse antibodies.