Hashimoto thyroiditis

Definition

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. It is characterized by inflammation and gradual destruction of thyroid tissue.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries.
2. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged women but can occur at any age and in men as well.
3. It is associated with elevated levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin.
4. Symptoms often include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression.
5. Diagnosed through blood tests showing high TSH levels and low T4 levels, along with the presence of specific antibodies.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis?
• How is Hashimoto thyroiditis typically diagnosed?
• Which antibodies are commonly elevated in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis?

Related terms

Hypothyroidism: A condition characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones.

Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO): An enzyme in the thyroid gland essential for the production of thyroid hormones; a common target for autoantibodies in Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Autoimmune Disease: A disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.