Genetic diversity

Definition

Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic material within a population of organisms. In microbiology, this is crucial for the adaptability and survival of microbial species.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genetic diversity in asexual prokaryotes is often achieved through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
2. Transformation involves the uptake of naked DNA fragments from the environment by a bacterial cell.
3. Transduction occurs when bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) transfer genetic material between bacteria.
4. Conjugation requires direct contact between bacterial cells, typically involving the transfer of plasmids through a pilus.
5. Genetic recombination contributes to genetic diversity by incorporating new DNA into an organism's genome, enhancing its adaptive potential.

Review Questions

• What are the three main mechanisms by which asexual prokaryotes achieve genetic diversity?
• How does transformation differ from conjugation in terms of genetic material transfer?
• Why is genetic diversity important for microbial survival and adaptability?

Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT): The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission (from parent to offspring).

Plasmid: A small, circular piece of DNA that exists independently of chromosomal DNA in bacteria and can be transferred during conjugation.

Bacteriophage: A virus that infects and transfers genetic material between bacterial cells.