Enterotoxins

Definition

Enterotoxins are toxins produced by certain bacteria that target the intestines, causing symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting. They disrupt the normal function of intestinal cells, leading to gastrointestinal distress.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enterotoxins are commonly produced by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae.
2. These toxins often cause foodborne illnesses when ingested through contaminated food or water.
3. Enterotoxins can be heat-stable or heat-labile, affecting their resistance to cooking temperatures.
4. The mechanism of action typically involves disrupting ion transport in intestinal cells, leading to water loss and diarrhea.
5. Diagnosis of enterotoxin-related infections often requires stool sample analysis and identification of the specific bacterial toxin.

Review Questions

• Which types of bacteria are known for producing enterotoxins?
• How do enterotoxins cause symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting?
• What methods are used to diagnose infections caused by enterotoxins?

Related terms

Exotoxins:

Toxins released by bacteria into their environment which can cause damage to the host.

Foodborne Illness: Diseases resulting from consuming contaminated food or beverages.

Gastroenteritis:

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically resulting in diarrhea and vomiting.