Efflux pump

Definition

Efflux pumps are protein-based transport systems located in cell membranes that expel toxic substances, including antimicrobial drugs, out of cells. They play a crucial role in conferring drug resistance to bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Efflux pumps can decrease the intracellular concentration of antibiotics, rendering them less effective.
2. These pumps can be specific for one substrate or capable of transporting a range of different substances.
3. Genes encoding efflux pumps can be located on chromosomes or plasmids, allowing for horizontal gene transfer.
4. Overexpression of efflux pump genes is a common mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance to multiple drugs.
5. Efflux pump inhibitors are being researched as potential adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics.

Review Questions

• How do efflux pumps contribute to bacterial drug resistance?
• What types of substances can be expelled by efflux pumps?
• Why is the overexpression of efflux pump genes significant in the context of antimicrobial resistance?

Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between bacteria other than by descent.

Plasmid:

A small, circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently and often carries antibiotic resistance genes.

Antibiotic Adjuvant: A substance that enhances the effectiveness of an antibiotic when used together.