key term - DNA polymerase
Definition
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA using a template strand during DNA replication. It plays a critical role in copying the genetic material accurately and efficiently.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand, ensuring the formation of phosphodiester bonds.
- There are different types of DNA polymerases with specific functions, such as DNA polymerase I, II, and III in prokaryotes.
- DNA polymerase has proofreading activity that helps correct errors during DNA replication by removing incorrectly paired nucleotides.
- In eukaryotic cells, multiple DNA polymerases like alpha, delta, and epsilon are involved in various stages of DNA replication.
- Mutations in genes encoding DNA polymerases can lead to genetic disorders and increased susceptibility to certain cancers.
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