Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Definition

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium that causes diphtheria, a serious respiratory disease. It produces a potent exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis in host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, often leading to pseudomembrane formation in the throat.
2. The bacterium is transmitted via respiratory droplets from an infected person.
3. Diphtheria toxin, produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, can cause systemic effects such as myocarditis and neuritis.
4. Vaccination with the DTaP vaccine effectively prevents diphtheria.
5. The pathogen can be identified using selective media like tellurite agar.

Review Questions

• What type of toxin does Corynebacterium diphtheriae produce and what is its primary effect?
• How is Corynebacterium diphtheriae typically transmitted between individuals?
• What preventive measure has significantly reduced the incidence of diphtheria?

Related terms

Diphtheria Toxin: A potent exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that inhibits protein synthesis.

DTaP Vaccine: A combined vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Tellurite Agar: A selective medium used to isolate Corynebacterium species by inhibiting other bacteria.