Cephalosporin

Definition

Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria. They are commonly used to treat infections in the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cephalosporins are categorized into five generations, each with varying spectra of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2. First-generation cephalosporins are most effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
3. Third-generation cephalosporins have expanded activity against Gram-negative bacteria and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
4. Cephalosporins are often used as a treatment for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis.
5. Allergic reactions to cephalosporins can occur in patients who are also allergic to penicillins.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for cephalosporins?
• How do third-generation cephalosporins differ from first-generation cephalosporins in terms of bacterial coverage?
• Why might a patient allergic to penicillin be cautious when taking cephalosporin?

Related terms

β-lactam Antibiotics: A class of antibiotics that include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.

Penicillin:

A type of β-lactam antibiotic known for treating various bacterial infections by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

Blood-Brain Barrier:

A selective barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain's extracellular fluid from the blood.