Centrosomes

Definition

Centrosomes are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers in animal cells. They play a critical role in cell division by facilitating the formation of the mitotic spindle.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Centrosomes consist of two centrioles arranged perpendicularly within a mass of protein known as the pericentriolar material (PCM).
2. They duplicate once per cell cycle to ensure each daughter cell inherits one centrosome.
3. During mitosis, centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell to assist in chromosome segregation.
4. Centrosomes are unique to animal cells and are not found in plant or fungal cells.
5. Defects in centrosome function can lead to aneuploidy and have been linked to cancer progression.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of centrosomes during cell division?
• How do centrosomes contribute to the organization of microtubules?
• What structural components make up a centrosome?

Related terms

Microtubules:

Cylindrical structures that are part of the cytoskeleton and help with cell shape, transport, and division.

Mitotic Spindle: A structure composed of microtubules which segregates chromosomes into daughter cells during mitosis.

Centrioles: Cylindrical structures that are key components of centrosomes and aid in cell division.