Carrier molecule

Definition

A carrier molecule is a molecule that binds to an antigen and helps to present it to immune cells, enhancing the immune response. These molecules play a crucial role in the adaptive immune system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carrier molecules are often proteins or polysaccharides that facilitate antigen recognition by T cells.
2. They form part of larger complexes like Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules.
3. Carrier molecules can enhance the immunogenicity of haptens by forming hapten-carrier conjugates.
4. They are essential in vaccine formulations where they help in presenting antigens to elicit a stronger immune response.
5. Carrier molecules help bridge innate and adaptive immunity by presenting processed antigens to T cells.

Review Questions

• What role do carrier molecules play in antigen presentation?
• How do carrier molecules contribute to vaccine efficacy?
• Why are carrier molecules important for the activation of T cells?

Related terms

Antigen:

A substance that induces an immune response, typically a foreign protein or polysaccharide.

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC):

A set of cell surface proteins essential for acquired immune system recognition of foreign molecules.

Hapten: A small molecule that, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit an immune response.