Carbapenemases are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. These enzymes contribute significantly to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Carbapenemases can be encoded either chromosomally or on plasmids, which facilitates their spread between bacteria.
There are several types of carbapenemases, including KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase), NDM (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase), and VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase).
Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing organisms are often difficult to treat due to limited effective antibiotic options.
Detection of carbapenemases in clinical settings is critical for infection control and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a major public health concern due to the production of carbapenemases.
Review Questions
What is the primary function of carbapenemases?
Name at least two types of carbapenemases and the bacteria they are commonly associated with.
Why is the detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms important in clinical settings?
Related terms
Beta-lactamase: Enzymes that break down beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins.