Botulism

Definition

Botulism is a serious illness caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. It leads to muscle paralysis and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The neurotoxin responsible for botulism is one of the most potent toxins known.
2. Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that forms spores.
3. Botulism can result from foodborne exposure, wound infection, or infant botulism due to intestinal colonization.
4. Symptoms of botulism include blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness, which can progress to respiratory failure.
5. Treatment often involves antitoxins and supportive care such as mechanical ventilation.

Review Questions

• What type of bacterium produces the toxin responsible for botulism?
• List three ways in which humans can contract botulism.
• What are the primary treatments used for botulism?

Related terms

Clostridium tetani:

A Gram-positive bacterium that produces tetanus toxin leading to muscle spasms.

Antitoxin: A treatment that neutralizes toxins in the body.

Neurotoxin: A toxin that affects nerve cells and can lead to nervous system damage.