Actinobacteria

Definition

Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria known for their high G+C content in their DNA. They play crucial roles in soil ecosystems, human health, and the production of antibiotics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Actinobacteria are primarily Gram-positive and have a high guanine-cytosine (G+C) content in their DNA.
2. They are known for producing medically important antibiotics, such as streptomycin and vancomycin.
3. Members of Actinobacteria, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can cause significant respiratory infections.
4. Actinobacteria contribute to the decomposition of organic matter in soil ecosystems, aiding in nutrient cycling.
5. Some Actinobacteria form branching filaments similar to fungi, which is why they were once thought to be related to fungi.

Review Questions

• What characteristic of Actinobacteria's DNA is notable and distinguishes them from other bacteria?
• Name at least two antibiotics produced by Actinobacteria.
• Which member of Actinobacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Related terms

Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan layer and retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.

Antibiotics:

Substances produced by or derived from microorganisms that inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

A species of pathogenic bacteria within the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis.