Zapatista Army of National Liberation

Definition

The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) is a revolutionary leftist group in Mexico that emerged in the 1990s, primarily known for its uprising in Chiapas on January 1, 1994. The movement advocates for the rights of indigenous people and opposes neoliberal economic policies that exacerbate poverty and inequality, highlighting the intersection of ethnic politics and socioeconomic issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Zapatista uprising in 1994 coincided with the implementation of NAFTA, which many believed would worsen conditions for rural communities in Mexico.
2. EZLN emphasizes 'La Otra Campaña', a grassroots initiative aimed at uniting various social movements across Mexico to promote an alternative vision to neoliberal policies.
3. The Zapatistas adopted the use of technology and media to spread their message globally, utilizing the internet to connect with supporters and raise awareness about their cause.
4. Their autonomous municipalities in Chiapas serve as a model for self-governance, where local communities practice direct democracy and make decisions collectively.
5. The EZLN's influence extends beyond Mexico, inspiring indigenous movements and anti-globalization protests worldwide.

Review Questions

• How did the emergence of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation reflect the struggles of indigenous peoples in Mexico?
  • The Zapatista Army of National Liberation emerged as a response to long-standing marginalization and exploitation of indigenous peoples in Mexico. Their uprising highlighted issues such as land rights, cultural preservation, and political representation. By advocating for indigenous rights and opposing neoliberal policies, the EZLN brought national and international attention to the plight of indigenous communities, showcasing their struggles against systemic inequalities.
• Discuss the role of neoliberalism in shaping the goals and actions of the Zapatista movement.
  • Neoliberalism played a significant role in shaping the Zapatista movement's goals as it often led to policies that favored corporate interests over local communities. The implementation of NAFTA exemplified this shift, resulting in increased poverty and displacement among rural populations. In response, the EZLN sought to resist these policies by advocating for alternative economic models that prioritize social justice, equity, and sustainable development for marginalized communities.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation on both local governance in Chiapas and broader indigenous movements across Latin America.
  • The Zapatista Army of National Liberation has had a profound long-term impact on local governance in Chiapas by establishing autonomous municipalities that practice direct democracy and prioritize community needs. This model has inspired similar movements throughout Latin America, encouraging other indigenous groups to assert their rights and challenge state authority. Additionally, their use of technology and global networking has elevated indigenous issues on the international stage, influencing discussions around rights, development, and social justice across borders.

Related terms

Indigenous Rights: Legal and moral entitlements that protect the interests and cultures of indigenous peoples, ensuring their participation in political processes and preservation of their traditions.

Neoliberalism: An economic policy model that emphasizes free markets, deregulation, and reduction in government spending, often leading to increased inequality and social exclusion.

Subcomandante Marcos:

The former spokesperson and key leader of the Zapatista movement, known for his writings and public engagements that highlighted the struggles of indigenous people and critiques of globalization.