Dell Hymes

Definition

Dell Hymes was a prominent linguist and anthropologist known for his contributions to the study of language within its social context. He is best recognized for developing the concept of the ethnography of communication, which emphasizes understanding the ways in which language functions in specific cultural settings. Hymes' work connects language with identity and social interaction, illustrating how communication shapes and reflects cultural norms and professional identities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dell Hymes introduced the term 'ethnography of communication' to highlight the need to study language in its social context rather than just as a structural system.
2. Hymes proposed the concept of 'communicative competence,' which includes not only linguistic knowledge but also an understanding of how language is used appropriately in different social situations.
3. His work emphasized that language is not just a tool for communication but also plays a critical role in shaping personal and group identities.
4. Hymes believed that understanding cultural contexts is essential for effective communication, which impacts both social interactions and professional environments.
5. Through his research, Hymes contributed to the development of sociolinguistics, which examines the relationship between language and society.

Review Questions

• How did Dell Hymes' concept of communicative competence expand our understanding of language beyond grammar?
  • Dell Hymes' concept of communicative competence broadened our understanding of language by integrating the importance of social context and cultural norms in communication. He argued that knowing the grammatical rules alone is insufficient; individuals must also be adept at using language appropriately based on the social situation. This perspective highlights that effective communication involves understanding the subtleties of social interactions, including context, audience, and purpose.
• Discuss how Dell Hymes’ ethnography of communication contributes to our understanding of professional identity in different fields.
  • Dell Hymes’ ethnography of communication is crucial for understanding professional identity because it underscores how language shapes interactions within specific occupational communities. By analyzing communication practices within various professions, we can see how language reflects values, norms, and roles that define professional identities. This approach allows us to appreciate the nuances of language use in professional settings, including jargon and discourse styles that reinforce group membership and authority.
• Evaluate the impact of Dell Hymes' work on contemporary linguistics and cultural studies, particularly regarding identity formation.
  • Dell Hymes' contributions have significantly impacted contemporary linguistics and cultural studies by providing a framework for analyzing how language is intricately linked to identity formation. His focus on the ethnography of communication allows researchers to investigate how different speech communities construct their identities through language practices. This perspective has led to a deeper understanding of how factors like ethnicity, gender, and profession influence communication styles, shaping individual and collective identities within diverse social contexts.

Related terms

Ethnography: A qualitative research method focused on studying cultures through direct observation and participation, often used to understand social practices and interactions.

Communicative Competence:

The ability to use language appropriately in various social contexts, including understanding both grammatical rules and the cultural norms that govern communication.

Speech Community: A group of people who share a common language or dialect, as well as similar communicative practices and norms that define their interactions.