Combahee River Collective

Definition

The Combahee River Collective was a Black feminist organization formed in the 1970s that focused on the intersectionality of race, gender, and sexuality in their activism. Their work highlighted the unique struggles faced by Black women and advocated for a politics that recognized these overlapping oppressions, making significant contributions to both feminist thought and the civil rights movement.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Combahee River Collective was founded by a group of Black feminists in Boston in 1974 and operated until the early 1980s.
2. They are best known for their 1977 'Statement' which outlined their views on Black feminism, highlighting how mainstream feminism often neglected the experiences of women of color.
3. The Collective emphasized the importance of self-definition and self-determination for Black women, advocating for an approach to activism that prioritizes their unique experiences.
4. Members included notable activists such as Barbara Smith, Demita Frazier, and Beverly Smith, who played vital roles in shaping discussions around race and gender within the feminist movement.
5. Their work inspired later generations of feminists to consider how race intersects with other forms of oppression, laying groundwork for future discourse on intersectionality.

Review Questions

• How did the Combahee River Collective influence the understanding of intersectionality within feminist discourse?
  • The Combahee River Collective played a critical role in shaping the concept of intersectionality by emphasizing how various forms of oppression intersect in the lives of Black women. Their 1977 'Statement' articulated the unique challenges faced by Black women, which often went unrecognized in mainstream feminist movements. By bringing attention to the interconnectedness of race, gender, and sexuality, they pushed for a more inclusive understanding of feminism that accounts for multiple identities.
• Discuss how the Combahee River Collective addressed the limitations of mainstream feminism in their activism.
  • The Combahee River Collective critiqued mainstream feminism for its focus on issues primarily affecting white middle-class women, often sidelining concerns relevant to women of color. They highlighted how Black women experience dual marginalization due to both racism and sexism. By centering their activism around these unique experiences and advocating for an inclusive feminism, they sought to reshape feminist discourse and ensure that it addressed the needs of all women.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Combahee River Collective on contemporary feminist movements and discussions around social justice.
  • The Combahee River Collective's legacy continues to resonate within contemporary feminist movements through its foundational ideas about intersectionality and inclusivity. Their emphasis on recognizing diverse experiences informs current debates surrounding race, gender identity, sexual orientation, and class within social justice frameworks. As a result, many modern activists draw upon their principles to challenge systemic inequalities and advocate for a feminism that genuinely represents all women's voices, highlighting the importance of addressing overlapping forms of oppression.

Related terms

Intersectionality: A framework for understanding how various social identities, such as race, gender, and class, intersect and create unique experiences of oppression or privilege.

Black Feminism: A movement that seeks to address the specific issues facing Black women, emphasizing the importance of including their voices in feminist discussions and activism.

Statement of the Combahee River Collective: A foundational document produced by the Collective that articulated their beliefs and political stance, emphasizing the necessity of addressing both racism and sexism in social justice efforts.