Oxidation firing

Definition

Oxidation firing is a ceramic firing technique that occurs in an atmosphere where oxygen is abundant, allowing for the complete combustion of organic materials and the oxidation of metal oxides in clay and glazes. This process results in brighter colors and clearer finishes on pottery, as it enhances the chemical reactions that take place during firing, affecting the overall appearance and durability of the ceramic ware.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Oxidation firing typically takes place at high temperatures, often between 1,800°F to 2,400°F (980°C to 1,300°C), depending on the type of clay and glaze used.
2. The process allows for a wide range of colors in glazes due to the availability of oxygen which promotes the oxidation of metal oxides.
3. This technique is commonly used in stoneware and earthenware production, as it helps achieve more vibrant and consistent finishes.
4. In oxidation firing, organic materials such as wood or paper will combust completely, preventing any smoky residues that might otherwise affect the surface quality of the pottery.
5. Artists often choose oxidation firing when they want to highlight detailed surface textures or intricate designs on their pottery.

Review Questions

• How does oxidation firing impact the appearance and properties of pottery compared to other firing methods?
  • Oxidation firing impacts pottery by allowing a fuller development of colors and clarity due to the presence of abundant oxygen. Unlike reduction firing, which can produce darker tones and altered effects, oxidation firing typically results in brighter hues and more consistent finishes. This method promotes the oxidation of metal oxides within glazes, enhancing their visual appeal while also contributing to the strength and durability of the ceramic ware.
• Discuss how the choice of firing atmosphere influences the characteristics of glazes used in pottery.
  • The choice of firing atmosphere, such as oxidation versus reduction, significantly influences the characteristics of glazes in pottery. In an oxidation atmosphere, glazes tend to exhibit vibrant colors and clarity because metal oxides are fully oxidized. In contrast, reduction firing can result in muted colors and unique surface effects due to limited oxygen, affecting how glazes react chemically. Therefore, potters must carefully select their firing method based on the desired aesthetic and functional properties of their work.
• Evaluate how oxidation firing techniques have evolved over time and their impact on contemporary ceramic art practices.
  • Over time, oxidation firing techniques have evolved through advancements in kiln technology and a deeper understanding of material science. Contemporary ceramic artists now have greater control over firing atmospheres, allowing them to experiment with a variety of clays and glazes to achieve innovative effects. This evolution has expanded artistic possibilities and fostered new trends in ceramic art, as artists combine traditional methods with modern approaches to push boundaries while still utilizing oxidation firing to create vibrant, durable pieces.

Related terms

Reduction Firing: A firing method where oxygen is limited, leading to different chemical reactions that can produce darker colors and unique surface effects in pottery.

Kiln: A specialized oven used for firing ceramics, where different atmospheres can be controlled to achieve various effects in the finished pottery.

Glaze: A glass-like coating applied to pottery that can change in appearance based on the firing atmosphere and temperature during the firing process.