Authentic Cadence

Definition

An authentic cadence is a musical term that refers to a strong and conclusive progression of chords, typically moving from the dominant chord (V) to the tonic chord (I). This type of cadence creates a sense of resolution and finality in music, often used to signify the end of a phrase or section. Authentic cadences can appear in both triadic and seventh chord contexts, underscoring their importance in establishing key relationships and providing closure in harmonic progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Authentic cadences can be classified into two main types: perfect authentic cadence (PAC) and imperfect authentic cadence (IAC). A PAC requires both the root position and the highest note of the tonic chord to be the tonic note.
2. An authentic cadence is often perceived as one of the strongest cadences in tonal music, frequently signaling the end of a musical phrase or composition.
3. Authentic cadences can also occur in variations, such as in sequences or modulations, where they can confirm a new key center.
4. While the V-I progression is standard for authentic cadences, variations like V7-I (where V7 is a dominant seventh chord) are also common, adding more tension before resolving.
5. In classical music, composers often use authentic cadences to create contrasts and tensions leading into a final resolution, emphasizing emotional shifts within their works.

Review Questions

• How does an authentic cadence differ from other types of cadences in terms of resolution and harmonic function?
  • An authentic cadence differs from other types by providing a strong sense of resolution through its progression from the dominant chord (V) to the tonic chord (I). In contrast to less conclusive cadences like half cadences, which end on the dominant, or deceptive cadences that divert expectations, authentic cadences solidify the tonal center. This makes them especially effective at marking the end of phrases and sections within compositions.
• What are the characteristics that define a perfect authentic cadence, and how does it enhance musical expression?
  • A perfect authentic cadence (PAC) is characterized by its movement from a V chord to a tonic I chord in root position, with the highest note in the I chord being the tonic note. This specific arrangement enhances musical expression by providing a feeling of closure and finality. The strong pull from V to I creates tension that is resolved upon reaching the tonic, making it an impactful tool for composers to evoke emotion and signal structural points within their works.
• Evaluate the role of authentic cadences in establishing key relationships within a piece of music and their impact on listener perception.
  • Authentic cadences play a crucial role in establishing key relationships by reinforcing tonal centers throughout a piece. When listeners hear an authentic cadence, especially in its perfect form, they experience a clear sense of resolution that confirms the established key. This not only aids in navigating through harmonic progressions but also impacts emotional responses by creating moments of tension followed by release. By strategically placing authentic cadences, composers guide listeners through their musical journey, shaping how they perceive and interpret emotional content.

Related terms

Dominant Chord: A chord built on the fifth degree of the scale, often functioning as the tension point that resolves to the tonic.

Tonic Chord: The chord built on the first degree of the scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in tonal music.

Half Cadence: A type of cadence that ends on the dominant chord (V), creating a sense of pause but not full resolution.