Scratching

Definition

Scratching is a DJ technique that involves manually moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to create rhythmic sounds and unique effects. This technique became an essential part of hip hop culture and is often used to add creativity and flair to performances, transforming the role of the DJ from mere music playback to an active musical contributor.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Scratching originated in the 1970s when DJs began to manipulate records to extend break beats for hip hop tracks, enhancing live performances.
2. The technique can vary in style, with common methods including baby scratches, transformer scratches, and chirp scratches, each producing distinct sounds.
3. DJ Kool Herc, one of the pioneers of hip hop, is credited with helping develop scratching by using two turntables to switch between records and create a continuous sound.
4. Scratching has influenced various music genres beyond hip hop, making its way into electronic dance music and pop, showcasing the versatility of the technique.
5. Technological advancements, like digital controllers and software, have expanded the practice of scratching, allowing DJs to incorporate new sounds and styles into their performances.

Review Questions

• How did scratching contribute to the evolution of DJing in hip hop culture?
  • Scratching significantly changed the role of DJs in hip hop culture by transforming them from just playing records to becoming active participants in music creation. This technique allowed DJs to manipulate sounds creatively and maintain the energy of live performances. As scratching gained popularity, it became a hallmark of hip hop DJing, showcasing skill and artistry that elevated the entire genre.
• Discuss the various styles of scratching and how they each contribute to the overall sound of a performance.
  • Different styles of scratching contribute unique textures and rhythms to a performance. For instance, baby scratches produce a subtle sound while transformer scratches create sharp, staccato bursts. Each style adds complexity to mixes, allowing DJs to express their creativity and engage audiences. The variety in scratching techniques showcases a DJ's skill level and personal style while enhancing the overall musical experience.
• Evaluate the impact of technology on scratching techniques and how this reflects changes in contemporary DJ culture.
  • The impact of technology on scratching techniques has been profound, as digital tools now allow DJs to manipulate sound in ways previously unimaginable. With the advent of software and digital controllers, DJs can incorporate a wider range of samples and effects into their sets. This evolution reflects broader changes in contemporary DJ culture where innovation is key, allowing for greater experimentation and creativity while maintaining the core essence of traditional scratching.

Related terms

Turntablism: A form of music performance that focuses on the art of using turntables as musical instruments, incorporating techniques like scratching, beat juggling, and mixing.

Breakbeat: A genre of music characterized by its use of sampled drum beats, often used in hip hop and electronic dance music, providing a foundation for scratching techniques.

Vinyl Records: Physical records made of vinyl that are played on turntables, often used by DJs for scratching due to their tactile nature and unique sound quality.