Nature vs. Civilization

Definition

Nature vs. civilization is a central theme that explores the tension and conflict between the natural world and human-made societies. This duality raises questions about humanity's place within the natural order, the consequences of industrialization, and the value of both the primal instinct and civilized behavior. In literature, this theme often reveals characters' struggles between their innate desires and the constraints of societal expectations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Romantic prose, nature is often depicted as a source of inspiration and spiritual renewal, contrasting sharply with the artificiality of civilization.
2. Characters in works by Austen, Shelley, and Hugo frequently grapple with their desires for personal freedom versus societal expectations, highlighting the nature vs. civilization conflict.
3. The industrial revolution serves as a backdrop in many Romantic texts, where writers critique its effects on human life and natural landscapes.
4. Nature is portrayed not just as a setting but as a living entity that influences character development and thematic depth in these literary works.
5. Shelley's 'Frankenstein' vividly illustrates the dangers of unchecked ambition and the moral implications of civilization's advances over nature.

Review Questions

• How do characters in Romantic prose navigate the conflict between their natural instincts and societal expectations?
  • Characters in Romantic prose often find themselves torn between their innate desires and the pressures imposed by society. For instance, in Austen's novels, protagonists like Elizabeth Bennet must confront societal norms that dictate marriage and behavior while striving for personal fulfillment. Similarly, in Shelley's 'Frankenstein,' Victor Frankenstein's ambition leads to tragic consequences, showcasing how ignoring the balance between nature and civilization can lead to ruin.
• Discuss how the theme of nature vs. civilization is reflected in the critiques of industrialization found in the works of Shelley and Hugo.
  • Both Shelley and Hugo critique industrialization through their portrayals of nature as a victim of human progress. In 'Frankenstein,' Shelley illustrates how scientific ambition disrupts natural order and results in dire consequences. Similarly, Hugo's 'Les Misérables' presents urban life as a harsh environment shaped by industrial growth, emphasizing the loss of human connection and natural beauty. Their works highlight the dangers posed by prioritizing civilization over nature.
• Evaluate the implications of nature vs. civilization as a theme in Romantic literature for contemporary discussions about environmentalism and societal values.
  • The theme of nature vs. civilization in Romantic literature remains relevant today as it resonates with contemporary debates about environmentalism and sustainable living. As authors like Shelley and Hugo caution against the destructive tendencies of unchecked industrialization, modern society grapples with similar issues like climate change and urban sprawl. The ongoing struggle to reconcile technological advancement with environmental stewardship reflects the enduring significance of this theme in understanding our relationship with nature.

Related terms

Romanticism:

An artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism as a reaction against industrialization and rationalism.

Industrialization: The process of developing industries in a country or region, often resulting in urbanization, environmental changes, and shifts in social structures.

Social Contract: A theoretical agreement among individuals to form a society, surrendering some freedoms for social order, which reflects the balance between individual rights and societal constraints.