Existence precedes essence

Definition

The phrase 'existence precedes essence' encapsulates the existentialist idea that individuals first exist without predetermined purpose and must create their own meaning and values. This concept emphasizes the freedom and responsibility of individuals to define themselves, rather than having an essence imposed upon them by external forces or societal norms. In this view, existence is about living authentically and taking ownership of one’s choices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Existence precedes essence' is often associated with existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre, who argued that humans are not born with a fixed nature but are defined by their actions.
2. This concept challenges traditional notions of predetermined roles or purposes imposed by society or religion, advocating for personal freedom and self-definition.
3. In literature and theatre, characters may embody this idea by facing choices that reflect their struggle to create meaning in a world without inherent purpose.
4. Existentialists argue that acknowledging the absence of inherent meaning allows individuals to embrace their freedom and take responsibility for their lives.
5. The phrase also highlights the tension between individual autonomy and societal expectations, encouraging a critical examination of how external influences shape one's identity.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of 'existence precedes essence' influence an individual's understanding of freedom and responsibility?
  • 'Existence precedes essence' suggests that individuals are not bound by predefined roles or meanings; instead, they have the freedom to make choices and shape their identities. This perspective places a significant responsibility on individuals to actively define themselves through their actions. By acknowledging that they create their own essence, people can embrace their freedom while also accepting the weight of the choices they make in shaping who they are.
• In what ways can the themes of existentialism be illustrated through characters in theatre who embody the principle of 'existence precedes essence'?
  • Characters in theatre often reflect existentialist themes by confronting situations where they must choose their paths without clear guidance or predetermined purposes. For example, a character may face a moral dilemma that forces them to define their values and beliefs through their decisions. These portrayals highlight the struggle for authenticity in a world filled with external expectations, showcasing how individuals grapple with creating meaning in their lives.
• Evaluate the implications of 'existence precedes essence' on societal norms and individual identity within the context of Absurdism.
  • 'Existence precedes essence' significantly impacts societal norms by challenging the idea that individuals should conform to prescribed roles or expectations. In Absurdism, this principle is taken further by emphasizing the inherent chaos of life and the futility of searching for meaning within societal structures. Individuals are encouraged to acknowledge this absurdity while embracing their freedom to craft personal identities, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of both personal autonomy and the randomness of existence.

Related terms

Existentialism: A philosophical movement focusing on individual existence, freedom, and choice, emphasizing the need for each person to find their own meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe.

Absurdism: A philosophical perspective that recognizes the conflict between humans' desire for meaning and the chaotic, indifferent universe, suggesting that life is inherently meaningless but can still be lived fully.

Authenticity: The quality of being true to one’s own personality, spirit, or character, often emphasized in existentialist thought as a way to live meaningfully despite the absurdity of existence.