Formative evaluation

Definition

Formative evaluation is a type of assessment conducted during the development or implementation of a program, aimed at improving its effectiveness by providing ongoing feedback. This evaluation process helps identify strengths and weaknesses, allowing for adjustments to be made in real time, which is crucial for ensuring the program meets its goals and serves its target population effectively. It focuses on process rather than outcomes, emphasizing learning and improvement throughout the program lifecycle.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Formative evaluation involves collecting data continuously throughout a program's implementation to monitor progress and identify areas for improvement.
2. It typically includes stakeholder input, which can enhance engagement and ownership of the program among those involved.
3. Feedback from formative evaluations can lead to immediate adjustments in program design, content delivery, or resources allocated.
4. This type of evaluation is particularly useful in health programs where adapting to changing circumstances or participant needs can significantly impact success.
5. Unlike summative evaluation, formative evaluation does not focus on final outcomes; instead, it is about refining processes to better achieve intended results.

Review Questions

• How does formative evaluation differ from summative evaluation in the context of public health programs?
  • Formative evaluation focuses on continuous feedback during the implementation of a program, allowing for real-time adjustments to enhance effectiveness. In contrast, summative evaluation occurs at the end of a program to assess overall outcomes and impact. While formative evaluation aims to improve processes and address issues as they arise, summative evaluation is concerned with measuring success against predetermined goals.
• In what ways can stakeholder involvement enhance the process and outcomes of formative evaluations?
  • Stakeholder involvement in formative evaluations can lead to more relevant feedback and insights, as those directly affected by the program provide perspectives that might otherwise be overlooked. Engaging stakeholders fosters a sense of ownership and commitment to the program, which can increase participation and adherence. Furthermore, their input can help tailor interventions to better meet community needs, ultimately leading to improved program effectiveness.
• Evaluate the importance of formative evaluation in adapting public health interventions to emerging health challenges.
  • Formative evaluation plays a critical role in adapting public health interventions by allowing for timely adjustments based on feedback and changing circumstances. As new health challenges arise, such as pandemics or shifts in community demographics, formative evaluation helps identify gaps in existing programs and facilitates rapid responses. By continuously monitoring and refining interventions, public health practitioners can ensure that their strategies remain relevant and effective, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for the population.

Related terms

summative evaluation: An assessment conducted at the end of a program to determine its overall effectiveness and outcomes.

needs assessment: A systematic process used to determine the needs of a population or community, often serving as the foundation for developing programs.

logic model: A visual representation that outlines the relationships between resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes of a program, often used to guide evaluations.