Shovels

Definition

Shovels are essential tools used in archaeological excavation to dig, move, and transfer soil or sediment from sites of interest. These tools come in various shapes and sizes, making them versatile for different excavation techniques and helping researchers effectively expose and document artifacts and other significant features within a site.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Shovels are typically made of metal or plastic and have a flat blade that allows for effective digging and scooping of soil.
2. Different types of shovels, such as round-point or square-point shovels, are chosen based on the nature of the excavation site and the material being dug.
3. Using shovels correctly can minimize damage to fragile artifacts and help maintain the stratigraphic context essential for accurate analysis.
4. In addition to traditional shovels, specialized archaeological tools like dental picks may be used for precise work after initial excavation.
5. Safety protocols are important when using shovels to prevent injury, including wearing gloves and using proper lifting techniques.

Review Questions

• How do different types of shovels influence excavation techniques in archaeological fieldwork?
  • Different types of shovels can significantly impact excavation techniques by allowing archaeologists to tailor their approach based on the specific conditions at a site. For instance, round-point shovels are better for breaking up hard soil, while square-point shovels excel at moving loose material. Choosing the right shovel enhances efficiency and helps preserve the integrity of artifacts during excavation.
• Discuss how the use of shovels interacts with the principles of stratigraphy in archaeological excavations.
  • The use of shovels is closely related to stratigraphy as they help uncover layers of soil that reflect different periods of human activity. Properly excavating with shovels allows archaeologists to maintain the vertical context of these layers, which is crucial for understanding chronological relationships between artifacts. Effective use of shovels ensures that stratigraphic integrity is preserved, facilitating accurate interpretation of the site's history.
• Evaluate the role of shovels in enhancing both efficiency and preservation during archaeological excavations, considering potential challenges.
  • Shovels play a dual role in archaeological excavations by enhancing efficiency in removing soil while also requiring careful handling to preserve delicate artifacts. While they enable faster work, there’s a risk that improper use could damage fragile finds or disturb stratigraphic layers. Evaluating their role involves balancing speed with caution, highlighting the need for skilled operators who understand how to minimize risks while maximizing productivity.

Related terms

Trowel: A small hand tool used in archaeology for detailed excavation work, often for removing dirt around delicate artifacts.

Context: The relationship between an artifact and the surrounding material, which helps archaeologists understand its significance and function.

Stratigraphy:

The study of rock layers (strata) in archaeological contexts to determine the chronological sequence of human activity.