Svetambara

Definition

Svetambara refers to one of the two major sects of Jainism, characterized by its members wearing white clothing and differing beliefs regarding the role of ascetic practices and the nature of liberation. This sect emerged in the context of Jainism's historical development, emphasizing a more liberal interpretation of Jain teachings compared to its counterpart, the Digambara sect, which practices stricter asceticism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Svetambaras believe that women can achieve liberation, which contrasts with the Digambara belief that women must be reborn as men to attain moksha.
2. The Svetambara tradition places a significant emphasis on community practices and rituals, involving laypeople alongside monks in religious activities.
3. Svetambara monks typically wear simple white robes as a symbol of purity, while also allowing them to possess certain belongings like food and water containers.
4. The sect is known for its scriptures written in Prakrit and its adaptations over time, making it more accessible to the lay community.
5. Svetambaras celebrate festivals like Paryushana, focusing on forgiveness and reflection, highlighting their approach to spirituality and community engagement.

Review Questions

• How does the Svetambara sect's view on women's ability to achieve liberation compare to that of the Digambara sect?
  • Svetambara Jains believe that women can attain liberation (moksha) through their spiritual practices, while Digambara Jains maintain that women must be reborn as men to achieve liberation. This fundamental difference highlights the more inclusive nature of the Svetambara beliefs and practices, which allow for a broader interpretation of spiritual attainment within Jainism.
• Discuss the significance of clothing choices among Svetambara monks in relation to their teachings on purity and asceticism.
  • Svetambara monks wear white robes as a representation of purity and non-attachment. This choice reflects their belief in living an ascetic life while still engaging with the community. Unlike Digambara monks who renounce all clothing as a symbol of total detachment from worldly possessions, Svetambaras balance ascetic practices with maintaining some practical needs. Their approach highlights a unique interpretation of asceticism within Jainism.
• Evaluate how the Svetambara tradition has influenced contemporary Jain practice and community engagement in modern society.
  • The Svetambara tradition has significantly shaped contemporary Jain practices by promoting inclusivity and community involvement. Their acceptance of women in spiritual roles and emphasis on communal rituals have helped integrate Jains into broader society while preserving their distinct identity. Additionally, their interpretation of ahimsa fosters a commitment to social justice issues, allowing them to actively participate in modern ethical debates around non-violence and environmental concerns, thus impacting contemporary discourse beyond religious boundaries.

Related terms

Digambara:

The other major sect of Jainism, known for its ascetic practices, where monks typically do not wear any clothes, symbolizing the renunciation of all worldly attachments.

Tirthankara: The enlightened beings in Jainism who have achieved liberation and serve as spiritual teachers for others, with Mahavira being the most notable Tirthankara for both Svetambaras and Digambaras.

Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence that is central to Jain philosophy, deeply influencing the beliefs and practices of both the Svetambara and Digambara sects.