The Praise of Folly

Definition

The Praise of Folly is a satirical essay written by Erasmus in 1509, where he personifies folly as a character who praises ignorance, foolishness, and the flaws of society. This work critiques the corrupt practices and moral shortcomings prevalent among the clergy and educated elites of the time, while also highlighting the importance of folly in human life and the nature of wisdom. It reflects Renaissance humanism's emphasis on individual thought and critique of established institutions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Erasmus wrote The Praise of Folly while traveling in England, showcasing his wit and humor through the voice of Folly herself.
2. The work highlights the contradictions within society, particularly focusing on how foolishness is often mistaken for wisdom and virtue.
3. Folly argues that people often pursue happiness through ignorance and that such folly is essential for a joyful life.
4. The Praise of Folly played a significant role in the lead-up to the Reformation by critiquing the moral failings of the Church and its leaders.
5. Erasmus' blend of humor and serious critique reflects the humanist belief in the power of education and reason to effect social change.

Review Questions

• How does Erasmus use satire in The Praise of Folly to convey his criticisms of society?
  • Erasmus employs satire by personifying folly as a character who humorously praises ignorance and foolishness. Through her perspective, he highlights the absurdities within society, particularly among religious figures and scholars who fail to recognize their own flaws. This use of humor not only entertains but also invites readers to reflect critically on their own beliefs and behaviors, demonstrating the effectiveness of satire as a tool for social commentary.
• Discuss the relationship between The Praise of Folly and Renaissance Humanism, particularly in terms of its themes and impact.
  • The Praise of Folly aligns closely with Renaissance Humanism through its emphasis on individual thought and critique of authority. Erasmus challenges societal norms and questions the moral integrity of those in power, reflecting humanist ideals that prioritize personal experience over dogma. The work's impact was profound as it resonated with contemporary debates about religion and education, helping to pave the way for reformist ideas during the Renaissance.
• Evaluate how The Praise of Folly contributes to our understanding of human nature and folly's role in society.
  • The Praise of Folly provides a nuanced view of human nature by suggesting that folly is an inherent part of being human. Erasmus argues that while wisdom is valued, folly has its place as a source of joy and contentment. This perspective encourages readers to embrace their imperfections rather than striving for unattainable ideals. By portraying folly as essential for happiness, Erasmus enriches our understanding of societal dynamics, illustrating how folly can influence behavior and beliefs throughout history.

Related terms

Erasmus: A Dutch philosopher and humanist who is best known for his writings on theology, education, and satire, including The Praise of Folly.

Renaissance Humanism: A cultural and intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized the study of classical texts, the value of human beings, and the importance of individual experience.

Satire: A literary technique used to criticize or mock social norms, institutions, or individuals through humor, irony, and exaggeration.