Philokalia

Definition

Philokalia refers to a collection of spiritual texts and writings by various Orthodox Christian saints and theologians, focused on the practice of inner prayer and the pursuit of a deep, contemplative life. These writings emphasize the importance of the heart and the transformation of the soul through prayer, asceticism, and a close relationship with God. This concept is central to Eastern Orthodox spirituality, guiding individuals toward attaining a direct experience of divine love and presence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Philokalia was compiled in the 18th century by Saints Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain and Makarios of Corinth, bringing together teachings from earlier spiritual writers.
2. The texts included in Philokalia cover various themes such as prayer, repentance, and the nature of God, providing practical guidance for spiritual growth.
3. The practice of reading Philokalia encourages individuals to engage in deep meditation and prayer, often using methods like the Jesus Prayer for spiritual focus.
4. Philokalia has been influential not only in monastic communities but also among laypeople seeking to enhance their spiritual lives within the Eastern Orthodox tradition.
5. The impact of Philokalia extends beyond individual spirituality, influencing the liturgical practices and theological education within Eastern Orthodox churches.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of philokalia relate to other practices in Eastern Orthodox spirituality?
  • Philokalia is closely connected to practices like hesychasm, which emphasizes inner stillness and prayer. The teachings within philokalia provide guidance on how to engage in these practices effectively. By incorporating methods such as the Jesus Prayer, individuals can deepen their contemplative experiences and achieve a greater awareness of God's presence in their lives.
• Analyze the significance of philokalia's teachings on prayer and asceticism for contemporary Orthodox Christians.
  • Philokalia's teachings on prayer and asceticism remain highly relevant for contemporary Orthodox Christians as they navigate modern life. The emphasis on inner prayer and self-discipline helps believers cultivate a deeper relationship with God amid distractions. By following the guidance found in philokalia, many strive for spiritual growth that can enhance their faith experience and community involvement.
• Evaluate the impact of philokalia on the formation of Eastern Orthodox theological education and practice over time.
  • Philokalia has had a profound impact on Eastern Orthodox theological education and practice by shaping how spirituality is taught and understood. Its emphasis on experiential knowledge of God encourages a more personal approach to faith, moving beyond mere intellectual understanding. Over time, its teachings have influenced curriculum development in seminaries and monastic schools, fostering a holistic view of theology that integrates prayer, asceticism, and community life.

Related terms

Hesychasm: A mystical tradition within Eastern Orthodox Christianity that emphasizes inner quietness, stillness, and the practice of the Jesus Prayer to achieve communion with God.

Asceticism: A lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures and practices intended to develop spiritual discipline and deepen one's relationship with God.

Theoria: The direct experience or vision of God that is sought through a life of prayer, contemplation, and spiritual purity in Eastern Orthodox theology.