Fourteenth Amendment: The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees equal protection under the law, prohibiting states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Strict Scrutiny: A legal test used by courts to determine the constitutionality of laws or government actions that involve suspect classifications, such as race or national origin, or that infringe on fundamental rights.
Rational Basis Test: A lower level of judicial review used to determine the constitutionality of laws that do not involve suspect classifications or fundamental rights, requiring only that the law be rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.