Van de Graaff generators

Definition

A Van de Graaff generator is a device that uses a moving belt to accumulate electric charge on a hollow metal globe, creating high voltages. It is commonly used in physics demonstrations to illustrate electrostatic principles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Van de Graaff generator was invented by physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff in 1929.
2. It can generate voltages as high as several million volts, depending on the size of the dome and the speed of the belt.
3. The device works on the principle of electrostatic induction and relies on the movement of charges between the belt and the dome.
4. It is often used in educational settings to demonstrate phenomena like static electricity, electric fields, and potential difference.
5. In practical applications, Van de Graaff generators are used in particle accelerators and X-ray machines.

Review Questions

• What principle does a Van de Graaff generator operate on?
• Name one practical application of a Van de Graaff generator outside of educational demonstrations.
• How does increasing the speed of the belt affect the voltage generated by a Van de Graaff generator?

Related terms

Electrostatic Induction:

The process by which a charged object can induce a charge distribution in another object without direct contact.

Electric Field:

A vector field around a charged particle that represents the force exerted on other charges placed within the field.

Potential Difference:

The work needed to move a unit charge from one point to another in an electric field; also known as voltage.