Structural isomers

Definition

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. These differences can result in distinct physical and chemical properties.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in how their atoms are connected.
2. Common types include chain isomers, positional isomers, and functional group isomers.
3. Chain isomers differ in the carbon chain arrangement, such as straight vs. branched chains.
4. Positional isomers differ in the position of a functional group on the same carbon skeleton.
5. Functional group isomers contain different functional groups altogether despite having the same molecular formula.

Review Questions

• What defines a structural isomer?
• How do chain isomers differ from positional isomers?
• Can two structural isomers have different physical properties?

Related terms

Geometric Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula and connectivity but differing in spatial arrangement due to restricted rotation around double bonds or ring structures.

Stereoisomers: Isomers that have the same bonding sequence but differ only in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

Molecular Formula: A notation that indicates the type and number of atoms in a molecule, without showing how they are bonded.