External beam radiation therapy

Definition

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a method for treating cancer using high-energy radiation from outside the body to target and destroy malignant cells. It utilizes beams of X-rays, gamma rays, or protons directed precisely at the tumor.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. EBRT employs radioisotopes like cobalt-60 to generate high-energy gamma rays for treatment.
2. Linear accelerators are commonly used in EBRT to produce X-rays for cancer therapy.
3. The primary goal of EBRT is to maximize damage to cancer cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.
4. EBRT can be combined with other treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery for enhanced effectiveness.
5. Fractionation in EBRT refers to delivering the total radiation dose in multiple smaller doses over several sessions.

Review Questions

• What type of radiation sources are commonly used in external beam radiation therapy?
• Explain the concept of fractionation in the context of EBRT.
• How does external beam radiation therapy minimize damage to healthy tissues?

Related terms

Radioisotope: An isotope of an element that emits radiation as it decays.

Linear Accelerator: A device that uses electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles, such as electrons, to produce high-energy X-rays.

Gamma Rays: $\gamma$-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and short wavelength, often used in medical treatments and imaging.