Carbonyl group
from class:
Intro to Chemistry
Definition
A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a key feature in various organic compounds including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters.
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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- The carbonyl group is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen.
- In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
- In ketones, the carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
- Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group (-COOH).
- Esters are formed when carboxylic acids react with alcohols and contain a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group (-COOR).
Review Questions
- What is the general structure of a carbonyl group?
- How does the polarity of the carbonyl group affect its chemical reactivity?
- What differentiates an aldehyde from a ketone in terms of their structure?
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