Amorphous solids

Definition

Amorphous solids are non-crystalline materials where the atoms and molecules are not arranged in a definite lattice pattern. They lack long-range order, distinguishing them from crystalline solids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Amorphous solids have no sharp melting point; they soften over a range of temperatures.
2. Common examples include glass, plastics, and gels.
3. Their atomic structure is similar to that of liquids but with greater rigidity.
4. They exhibit isotropic properties, meaning their physical properties are the same in all directions.
5. Despite lacking a crystalline structure, they can still be formed into various shapes and used in numerous applications.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes amorphous solids from crystalline solids?
• Name three common examples of amorphous solids.
• Why do amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures rather than having a sharp melting point?

Related terms

Crystalline Solid: A solid material whose atoms or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

Isotropic: Having identical values of a property in all directions; often used to describe the uniformity of physical properties in amorphous solids.

Glass Transition Temperature: The temperature range over which an amorphous solid (such as glass) transitions from a hard and relatively brittle state into a molten or rubbery state.