Zeeman effect

Definition

The Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line into multiple components in the presence of a magnetic field. It is a crucial phenomenon that helps astronomers study magnetic fields on celestial objects like the Sun.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Zeeman effect was first observed by Pieter Zeeman in 1896.
2. It provides evidence for the presence and strength of magnetic fields in sunspots.
3. The amount of splitting in the spectral lines is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.
4. The effect can be used to measure solar magnetic activity over time, aiding in understanding the solar cycle.
5. Circular polarization observed due to the Zeeman effect helps determine whether magnetic fields are directed toward or away from us.

Review Questions

• What does the Zeeman effect reveal about sunspots?
• How does the Zeeman effect relate to measuring solar magnetic activity?
• Who first observed the Zeeman effect and when?

Related terms

Sunspot: A temporary phenomenon on the Sun's photosphere that appears as spots darker than surrounding areas, associated with intense magnetic activity.

Solar Cycle: The approximately 11-year cycle that includes variations in solar radiation and sunspot numbers.

Spectral Line: A dark or bright line found in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, representing specific wavelengths absorbed or emitted by substances.