Ballistic missiles

Definition

Ballistic missiles are weapons that are launched to travel through the atmosphere along a sub-orbital trajectory, primarily powered during their initial launch phase before following a ballistic path towards a target. They are crucial in modern military strategy, especially in the context of nuclear programs and crises, as they can deliver nuclear warheads over long distances, posing significant threats to global security.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ballistic missiles can be launched from various platforms, including mobile launchers, silos, submarines, and ships, increasing their survivability and launch flexibility.
2. The flight of a ballistic missile consists of three main phases: boost phase (powered ascent), midcourse phase (free flight in space), and terminal phase (re-entry and descent towards the target).
3. Many nations have developed their own ballistic missile programs, which can be a source of regional tension and international crises, particularly when nuclear capabilities are involved.
4. The development and proliferation of ballistic missiles have led to various treaties aimed at arms control, such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) and the New START Treaty.
5. Ballistic missile defense systems have been developed by several countries to intercept and destroy incoming ballistic missiles, adding another layer of complexity to international security dynamics.

Review Questions

• How do ballistic missiles function in terms of their flight trajectory and phases?
  • Ballistic missiles operate through three distinct phases: the boost phase where they are powered by rockets to gain altitude; the midcourse phase where they travel in space along a predetermined path; and the terminal phase where they re-enter the atmosphere and descend towards their target. This trajectory is what distinguishes them from other types of missiles, as they follow a free-fall path after propulsion ceases. Understanding these phases is key to comprehending their strategic importance in military applications.
• Discuss the implications of ballistic missile proliferation on international security and regional tensions.
  • The proliferation of ballistic missiles has significant implications for international security, particularly when combined with nuclear capabilities. As more countries develop their missile programs, it raises concerns about potential conflicts and the stability of regions. For example, nations may feel threatened by their neighbors' missile advancements, leading to arms races or increased military spending. Additionally, this proliferation complicates diplomatic efforts for disarmament and creates challenges for existing treaties designed to limit these weapons.
• Evaluate how advancements in ballistic missile defense technologies influence global strategic stability and deterrence.
  • Advancements in ballistic missile defense technologies can alter the balance of power by providing certain nations with the ability to intercept incoming missiles. This capability might embolden countries to adopt more aggressive postures or enhance their offensive missile programs, believing that they can bypass defenses. Conversely, if a state feels confident in its missile defense system, it may deter adversaries from launching attacks. Thus, the interplay between offensive capabilities like ballistic missiles and defensive systems is crucial in shaping global strategic stability and influencing deterrence strategies.

Related terms

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM): A type of ballistic missile with a range typically greater than 5,500 kilometers, capable of delivering nuclear warheads between continents.

Nuclear Deterrence: A military strategy aimed at preventing adversaries from attacking by ensuring they face unacceptable consequences, often relying on the threat of nuclear retaliation.

Tactical Ballistic Missile (TBM): A shorter-range ballistic missile designed for use in theater-level warfare, usually carrying conventional warheads.