Battle of Atlanta

Definition

The Battle of Atlanta was a significant military engagement during the American Civil War that took place from July 22 to September 2, 1864, in and around Atlanta, Georgia. This battle was crucial as it was part of a larger campaign aimed at capturing the strategically important city of Atlanta, which served as a key supply and railroad hub for the Confederacy. The Union victory not only boosted Northern morale but also helped to secure President Lincoln's re-election in 1864.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Atlanta was part of General Sherman's broader strategy to cut off Confederate supply lines and cripple their war effort.
2. Union forces, led by Major General James B. McPherson initially and later by Sherman, faced off against Confederate forces under General John B. Hood during the battle.
3. The Union victory at Atlanta allowed Sherman to launch his famous March to the Sea, further devastating Southern infrastructure and morale.
4. The capture of Atlanta marked a turning point in the Civil War, leading to increased support for the Union cause in the North.
5. After the battle, much of Atlanta was burned, symbolizing the destruction of Southern resources and the resolve of Union forces.

Review Questions

• What were the strategic goals behind the Union's efforts during the Battle of Atlanta?
  • The primary strategic goal behind the Union's efforts during the Battle of Atlanta was to capture this critical supply hub for the Confederacy. By controlling Atlanta, Union forces aimed to disrupt Confederate supply lines and weaken their capacity to sustain military operations. Additionally, capturing Atlanta was essential for boosting Northern morale and solidifying support for President Lincoln's re-election campaign.
• Discuss how General Sherman’s tactics during the Battle of Atlanta influenced subsequent military operations in the Civil War.
  • General Sherman's tactics during the Battle of Atlanta, which included aggressive assaults and strategic maneuvers, set a precedent for total war that would characterize his subsequent campaigns. His ability to secure a victory at Atlanta allowed him to implement his strategy of destroying resources during his March to the Sea. This not only demoralized Southern troops but also significantly disrupted their supply chains and civilian infrastructure, influencing how future military operations were conducted in the war.
• Evaluate the impact of the Battle of Atlanta on public perception and political outcomes in the North during 1864.
  • The Battle of Atlanta had a profound impact on public perception and political outcomes in the North during 1864 by bolstering support for the Union war effort at a critical time. The victory not only provided a much-needed boost to Northern morale but also helped President Lincoln secure re-election by demonstrating progress in the war. The capture of such a vital Confederate stronghold showcased Union strength and effectiveness, shifting public sentiment in favor of continuing military engagement rather than seeking a peace settlement with the Confederacy.

Related terms

William Tecumseh Sherman: A Union general known for his ruthless military strategy and his famous 'March to the Sea,' which aimed to devastate the South's resources and will to fight.

Siege of Atlanta: The prolonged military blockade and assault by Union forces against Atlanta, ultimately leading to its capture and significant loss for the Confederate army.

Atlanta Campaign:

A series of battles fought in the summer of 1864, culminating in the Battle of Atlanta, aimed at securing control over the city and disrupting Confederate supply lines.