U.S. Geological Survey

Definition

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government responsible for studying natural resources, natural hazards, and the landscape of the U.S. It played a crucial role in American West photography by documenting geological features, landscapes, and natural phenomena, which helped to inform and inspire photographers capturing the beauty and complexity of the western frontier.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The USGS was established in 1879, primarily to address the need for scientific information about the country’s natural resources and hazards.
2. The agency conducted extensive geological surveys of the American West, documenting its diverse landscapes and geological formations during westward expansion.
3. Photographs taken during USGS expeditions helped visualize the rich geological features of the West, influencing public perception and encouraging exploration and settlement.
4. Notable photographers associated with USGS include William Henry Jackson, whose images of national parks played a key role in the establishment of Yellowstone as the first national park.
5. USGS research has contributed to understanding natural hazards like earthquakes and floods, which has informed public policy and land-use planning in western states.

Review Questions

• How did the work of the U.S. Geological Survey influence American West photography?
  • The U.S. Geological Survey significantly influenced American West photography by providing scientific documentation of various landscapes and geological features. Photographers like William Henry Jackson were commissioned by the USGS to capture these images, which not only served a scientific purpose but also played a critical role in promoting the beauty and potential of the western frontier. These photographs helped shape public interest and understanding of the region, making them vital historical records.
• Discuss the relationship between USGS expeditions and the development of national parks in the American West.
  • USGS expeditions were integral to the development of national parks in the American West, as they provided essential geological and ecological data about these areas. The documentation captured through photography highlighted unique landscapes and natural wonders, creating public interest that led to conservation efforts. For instance, photographs from USGS surveys were pivotal in advocating for Yellowstone National Park's establishment as a protected area due to its remarkable geothermal features.
• Evaluate how the U.S. Geological Survey's findings on natural resources impacted societal views about the American West during westward expansion.
  • The U.S. Geological Survey's findings on natural resources had a profound impact on societal views during westward expansion by framing the region as a land of opportunity filled with valuable minerals, fertile land, and scenic beauty. This portrayal encouraged settlers and investors to move westward, believing in abundant resources that could enhance their lives. The visual documentation through photography not only showcased these resources but also romanticized the landscape, solidifying the idea of manifest destiny as Americans sought to expand their influence across the continent.

Related terms

Topographic Maps: Detailed representations of terrain that depict elevation, landforms, and natural features, often produced by the USGS to aid in understanding the geography of an area.

Geological Surveys: Systematic investigations of geological features, often involving mapping and sampling, conducted to better understand the Earth's composition and processes.

Natural Resources: Materials and components that can be found in nature, such as water, minerals, and forests, which are studied by the USGS to assess their availability and sustainability.