The Great Depression

Definition

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic downturn that took place during the 1930s, beginning with the stock market crash in the United States in 1929. It had profound impacts on society, culture, and the economy, leading to widespread unemployment, poverty, and significant changes in government policies and social norms. The crisis not only reshaped economic structures but also influenced artistic movements, including photography, as people sought to document and understand the human condition amidst adversity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Depression began with the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, leading to a decade of economic hardship worldwide.
2. Unemployment rates soared to around 25% in the United States during the peak of the Great Depression, drastically affecting millions of families.
3. Many artists and photographers turned their lenses to the struggles of everyday people during this time, capturing powerful images that conveyed social issues.
4. Government responses included various relief programs, such as those under the New Deal, which aimed to provide jobs and support for those affected by the economic collapse.
5. The Great Depression led to significant changes in public perception regarding government responsibility in economic welfare and social support systems.

Review Questions

• How did the Great Depression influence artistic movements like photography during the 1930s?
  • The Great Depression had a major impact on artistic movements, particularly photography, as many artists felt compelled to document the harsh realities faced by ordinary people. This period saw a rise in documentary photography, where photographers aimed to highlight social issues like poverty and unemployment. The emotional weight of these images served not only as a historical record but also aimed to evoke empathy and encourage societal change.
• What role did government initiatives like the New Deal play in addressing the challenges posed by the Great Depression?
  • Government initiatives such as the New Deal were crucial in addressing the widespread suffering caused by the Great Depression. These programs included job creation through public works projects and financial assistance for those in need. By implementing these reforms, the government aimed to stabilize the economy and restore public confidence while also shifting perceptions about governmental responsibility towards economic welfare.
• Evaluate how the experiences captured through photography during the Great Depression have shaped our understanding of this historical event.
  • The photographs taken during the Great Depression have greatly influenced our understanding of this historical period by providing visceral visual narratives of suffering, resilience, and hope. These images not only documented everyday life but also served as powerful social commentaries that highlighted the struggles faced by individuals and families. As a result, they have become vital historical documents that inform current discussions about economic hardship and its human impact, reminding us of past lessons while shaping contemporary views on similar challenges.

Related terms

New Deal:

A series of programs and reforms introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to counteract the effects of the Great Depression and stimulate economic recovery.

Dust Bowl:

A severe drought that affected the Great Plains in the 1930s, exacerbating the economic challenges of the Great Depression and displacing thousands of families.

Documentary Photography: A style of photography aimed at capturing real-life events and social issues, often used during the Great Depression to highlight struggles and resilience.