Dominant

Definition

In music, the term 'dominant' refers to the fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale, which plays a critical role in establishing tonality and harmony. It is often considered the most important chord in tonal music, leading to the resolution of tension and creating a sense of movement within a composition. The dominant chord typically creates expectations for resolution to the tonic, thereby shaping the overall structure of pieces, especially in classical symphonies and string quartets.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In a major key, the dominant chord is built on the fifth scale degree and typically consists of a major triad along with a minor seventh, creating a dominant seventh chord.
2. The dominant chord's role in establishing tension is crucial for the progression towards the tonic chord, leading to what is known as 'perfect cadence'.
3. In classical symphonies, composers often use modulation to transition to different keys using the dominant as a pivot point.
4. String quartets frequently employ the dominant chord to develop themes and create harmonic interest throughout movements.
5. The concept of dominant is not limited to Western classical music; it can also be found in various forms of popular and jazz music, where it serves similar functions in harmony.

Review Questions

• How does the dominant chord contribute to harmonic progression in classical symphonies?
  • The dominant chord serves as a critical point of tension that drives harmonic progression within classical symphonies. By creating expectations for resolution back to the tonic, it shapes the structure of movements and enhances emotional impact. Composers skillfully manipulate this relationship between dominant and tonic to build intensity and lead listeners through musical narratives.
• In what ways do string quartets utilize the dominant in their compositions?
  • String quartets use the dominant chord as a tool for developing musical themes and creating harmonic variety throughout their works. By incorporating dominant chords, composers establish tension that resolves into tonic chords, providing a satisfying sense of closure. This interplay not only enhances thematic development but also contributes to overall cohesiveness in movement structure.
• Evaluate the impact of the dominant function on both classical and contemporary music genres.
  • The function of the dominant chord significantly influences both classical and contemporary music genres by establishing tonal relationships and guiding harmonic progressions. In classical music, it is fundamental in creating tension that resolves into tonality. In contemporary music, such as jazz and pop, while the usage may evolve, the underlying principle remains: using dominant chords to drive musical narratives forward. This reflects its enduring importance across different styles, showcasing how foundational concepts continue to resonate through time.

Related terms

Tonic: The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale and serves as the home base or resting point in a piece of music.

Subdominant: The subdominant is the fourth scale degree in a diatonic scale, often used in conjunction with the dominant to create harmonic progressions.

Cadence: A cadence is a musical phrase that signifies the end of a musical thought, often involving dominant chords resolving to tonic chords.