Mana

Definition

Mana is a fundamental concept in Māori culture that represents spiritual power, authority, and influence. It is often seen as a form of prestige or status, derived from one's ancestry, actions, and accomplishments. In the context of Māori social structures, mana is closely linked to leadership within iwi and hapū, influencing relationships and governance. Additionally, mana plays a vital role in the cultural revitalization efforts such as the Kōhanga Reo movement, where it helps to empower communities and instill pride in Māori language and identity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mana can be inherited from ancestors, achieved through personal accomplishments, or lost due to negative actions, making it a dynamic aspect of Māori identity.
2. The concept of mana is not just individual but can also apply to groups or entities, such as hapū or iwi, reflecting their collective influence.
3. Mana is often considered a sacred gift that is connected to land and natural resources, highlighting the deep relationship Māori have with their environment.
4. In the Kōhanga Reo movement, which focuses on revitalizing the Māori language and culture, mana plays a crucial role in fostering community pride and identity.
5. The restoration of mana is seen as essential in addressing social issues faced by Māori communities, emphasizing empowerment through cultural knowledge and practices.

Review Questions

• How does mana influence the social structure within iwi and hapū?
  • Mana is central to the social structure of iwi and hapū as it determines leadership roles and influence among members. Individuals or leaders who possess high mana are more likely to be respected and followed within their community. This authority affects decision-making processes and resource management within hapū and iwi, establishing a hierarchy based on ancestral lineage and personal achievements.
• What role does mana play in the Kōhanga Reo movement's aim for cultural revitalization?
  • In the Kōhanga Reo movement, mana is essential for encouraging Māori communities to reclaim their language and culture. The movement emphasizes the importance of instilling a sense of pride in Māori identity, which enhances collective mana. By engaging parents and children in language immersion programs, Kōhanga Reo seeks to strengthen cultural ties, foster community bonds, and elevate the mana of participants through shared experiences.
• Evaluate the significance of mana in promoting social change within Māori communities today.
  • Mana holds significant potential for driving social change within contemporary Māori communities by emphasizing empowerment and identity. As communities recognize the importance of restoring and nurturing their mana through education, culture, and language revitalization efforts like Kōhanga Reo, they become better equipped to address social challenges. This focus on mana not only strengthens community ties but also fosters resilience and confidence among individuals, leading to improved outcomes in health, education, and overall well-being.

Related terms

iwi:

Iwi refers to the largest social units in Māori society, often translated as 'tribe.' Iwi are composed of multiple hapū and are linked by shared ancestry.

hapū:

Hapū means 'sub-tribe' in Māori, representing smaller groups within an iwi. Hapū are often based on family connections and play a crucial role in local governance and social organization.

whakapapa:

Whakapapa refers to genealogy or lineage in Māori culture. It is the foundation of identity and connections to ancestors, influencing one's mana and social standing.