Arab Legion

Definition

The Arab Legion was a military force established in the early 20th century, primarily composed of Arab soldiers and founded by the British in Transjordan. It played a crucial role during World War II, supporting the Allied forces against Axis powers, particularly in the defense of the Middle East. The Arab Legion later became an essential part of the Jordanian armed forces after the establishment of the Hashemite Kingdom.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Arab Legion was officially formed in 1920 and was originally called the Transjordan Frontier Force before being renamed in 1946.
2. During World War II, the Arab Legion participated in various campaigns, including battles in North Africa, where they contributed to efforts against Italian and German forces.
3. The leadership of the Arab Legion included both British officers and local Arab leaders, providing a unique blend of military strategy and local knowledge.
4. The Legion became known for its effective infantry tactics and played a key role in maintaining order within Transjordan during times of unrest.
5. After World War II and the establishment of Jordan as an independent kingdom in 1946, the Arab Legion evolved into the core of the Jordanian Armed Forces.

Review Questions

• How did the formation and role of the Arab Legion reflect broader military strategies employed by Britain during World War II?
  • The formation of the Arab Legion showcased Britain's strategy to utilize local forces in maintaining stability and supporting military operations in strategically vital regions. By organizing and training an Arab force, Britain aimed to bolster its defenses against Axis advances while also securing loyalty among local populations. The Arab Legion's effectiveness in campaigns in North Africa exemplified how Britain relied on regional forces to complement their own military objectives during a period marked by global conflict.
• In what ways did the involvement of the Arab Legion during World War II influence post-war dynamics in Transjordan and its relationship with Britain?
  • The involvement of the Arab Legion during World War II solidified its reputation as a capable fighting force and fostered a sense of national identity among Jordanians. As Transjordan transitioned from a British protectorate to an independent kingdom post-war, this military legacy played a crucial role in establishing legitimacy for King Abdullah I. The relationship with Britain also shifted, as reliance on British support diminished and local aspirations for sovereignty grew stronger, ultimately leading to increased calls for independence.
• Evaluate how the legacy of the Arab Legion continues to shape modern Jordanian military identity and regional security dynamics.
  • The legacy of the Arab Legion is deeply embedded in Jordan's military identity, as it laid the foundations for what would become a modern, professional armed forces. Today, this history informs Jordan's approach to security within a volatile region, allowing it to play a pivotal role in various alliances and peacekeeping efforts. The connections formed during World War II have evolved into partnerships with Western powers, emphasizing both historical ties and ongoing strategic cooperation that shapes regional stability amidst contemporary challenges.

Related terms

Transjordan: A historical region east of the Jordan River that was established as a separate political entity under British administration following World War I, eventually becoming modern-day Jordan.

Hussein bin Ali: The Sharif of Mecca who led the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule during World War I and played a significant role in the formation of modern Arab nationalism.

British Mandate: A legal commission for the administration of the territories formerly held by the Ottoman Empire, including Palestine and Transjordan, which came under British control after World War I.