Dominion

Definition

Dominion refers to the power or control exercised by a state over its territory and affairs. In the context of Canadian Confederation, it symbolizes the self-governing authority granted to the newly formed provinces and territories while still acknowledging their connection to the British Empire. This term embodies the balance of autonomy and allegiance, illustrating how Canada transitioned from a collection of British colonies to a dominion with a degree of independence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The term 'dominion' was first used formally in 1867 with the creation of the Dominion of Canada, marking a significant shift in governance from colonial rule.
2. The British North America Act defined Canada as a dominion, establishing it as a semi-autonomous entity within the British Empire.
3. Canada's status as a dominion allowed it to have its own federal government while still being subject to British oversight in certain matters.
4. The concept of dominion was instrumental in shaping Canada's national identity, fostering a sense of unity among provinces while respecting regional differences.
5. Over time, the term 'dominion' evolved, leading to Canada gaining full legislative independence with the Statute of Westminster in 1931.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of dominion influence the relationship between Canada and Britain during the Confederation period?
  • The concept of dominion was crucial in defining Canada's relationship with Britain during the Confederation period. It represented a middle ground where Canada gained self-governing powers while still remaining linked to the British Empire. This duality allowed Canada to establish its own federal government and make decisions on domestic affairs, but it also meant that certain aspects like foreign policy were still under British control, reflecting a gradual move towards complete independence.
• Evaluate the impact of the British North America Act on Canada's development as a dominion.
  • The British North America Act had a profound impact on Canada's development as a dominion by laying down the constitutional framework for governance. It united several provinces under one federal system, providing a foundation for political cooperation while allowing for provincial autonomy. This act not only marked Canada's emergence as a self-governing entity but also set the stage for future legislative changes that would gradually increase its independence from British oversight.
• Assess how the evolving meaning of 'dominion' shaped Canada's path towards full sovereignty throughout the 20th century.
  • As Canada's identity matured over the 20th century, the meaning of 'dominion' evolved from a term signifying limited autonomy under British control to one representing full sovereignty. The Statute of Westminster in 1931 was a critical turning point, as it granted Canada legislative independence, eliminating Britain's authority over Canadian laws. This shift reflected growing nationalism and desire for complete self-determination among Canadians, ultimately culminating in the patriation of the Constitution in 1982, which established Canada as a fully sovereign nation.

Related terms

Confederation: The process in 1867 that united several British colonies into a single Dominion, leading to the creation of Canada as a self-governing entity.

British North America Act: The legislation passed by the British Parliament in 1867 that established the Dominion of Canada and outlined its governance structure.

Autonomy: The right or condition of self-government, especially in the context of political independence from external control.